Retail store efficiently configured to distribute electronic coupons at multiple product locations

ABSTRACT

A system for creating, dispensing, and redeeming electronic discount coupons in a store. The system includes a “smart card”, product stations adjacent to selected products in the store, and a checkout station in the checkout area. To create an electronic coupon, the customer inserts the card into the product station adjacent to an product the customer wishes to purchase, and the product station then writes an electronic coupon onto the card. The customer thus shops throughout the store collecting electronic coupons for products of interest. Upon completion of shopping, the customer redeems the electronic coupons at the checkout area, by inserting the card into the checkout station. During checkout, when UPC data matches data stored on the card, the customer is credited with the value of the corresponding coupon. Periodically, the electronic coupon data is transferred to a remote clearing house.

This Application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/940,197 ofKEN R. POWELL filed Aug. 5, 1999 for RETAIL STORE EFFICIENTLY CONFIGUREDTO DISTRIBUTE ELECTRONIC COUPONS AT MULTIPLE PRODUCT LOCATIONS, issuedas U.S. Pat. No. 6,105,002, which is a Continuation Application ofapplication Ser. No. 08/468,816 of KEN R. POWELL, filed Jun. 6, 1995 forRETAIL SYSTEM, and now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to a retail system and, moreparticularly, to an electronic retail system that provides discounts forselected products within a store.

2. Description of Related Art

Discount coupons are a popular means to stimulate sales of products suchas grocery store items. In 1992, approximately 310 billion coupons weredistributed and 7.7 billion coupons were redeemed, saving customers $4billion. It has been estimated that in-store couponing coupled withadvertising increases sales by 544%.

A typical marketing scheme involves placing coupons in a newspaper, byprinting the coupons in the newspaper or by inserting coupon insertsinto the newspaper, and allowing customers to bring the printed couponsto a store for redemption. One problem with this scheme is that theredemption rate is typically only a few percent of the coupons printed,the unredeemed coupons representing an overhead associated with thisscheme. To alleviate this overhead, another marketing scheme involvesdistributing the coupons in the store, thereby avoiding the cost ofprinting coupons in a newspaper, and capitalizing on the fact that 66%of buyer decisions are made at the time of product purchase. Both thein-store scheme and the newspaper scheme, however, are susceptible tofraud by an unscrupulous retailer that requests reimbursement paymentsby presenting unredeemed coupons to the clearing house. Other schemesinclude delivering coupons to consumers through the mail, distributingcoupons in or on the product package, and distributing coupons atcheckout. All of these schemes have an overhead cost of handling thecoupons and of sending the redeemed coupons to a clearing house toenable product manufacturers to reimburse retailers for the reduction inproceeds resulting from coupon redemptions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a convenient andstimulating shopping environment, having relatively low overhead.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a discountingsystem that does not generate paper waste.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a discountingsystem requiring a relatively simple hardware configuration.

To achieve these and other objects of the present invention, there is amethod for a plurality of portable cards transported by consumers, and astore includes a plurality of first signals each to corresponding topricing information for a product; a plurality of first areas eachincluding a shelf, a plurality of units of a respective product, theplurality of units being on the shelf, the plurality of units having acommon symbol different than a symbol of units of another product, arespective interface supported by the shelf, and located adjacent to theplurality of units of the respective product such that no units ofanother product are between the interface and the plurality of units,the interface including a sender for transferring signals to theplurality of cards, and a checkout area including an electromagneticdetector, spatially removed from the plurality of first areas. Themethod comprises the steps, performed for each interface, of receiving,in the interface, a card signal from a card in the plurality of cards;deciding, responsive to the card signal, whether to transfer one of thefirst signals to the card; and causing the sender to transfer a firstsignal corresponding to pricing information for the product representedby the units adjacent to the interface, whenever the deciding stepdecides to transfer, and further comprising the steps, performed afterthe card, in the plurality of cards, is carried to the checkout area, ofreceiving, in a computer, signals corresponding to pricing informationfrom the card, in the plurality of cards, carried to the checkout area;generating, in the electromagnetic detector, a second signalcorresponding to a product; receiving, in the computer, the secondsignal; and determining, in the computer, a price depending on whetherthe second signal corresponds to one of the received signalscorresponding to pricing information.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a store configuredto process a plurality of portable cards transported by consumers, thestore comprises a plurality of first signals each to corresponding topricing information for a product; a plurality of first areas eachincluding a shelf, a plurality of units of a respective product, theplurality of units being on the shelf, the plurality of units having acommon symbol different than a symbol of units of another product, arespective interface supported by the shelf, and located adjacent to theplurality of units of the respective product such that no units ofanother product are between the interface and the plurality of units,the interface including a first receiver that receives a card signalfrom a card in the plurality of cards; logic that decides, responsive tothe card signal, whether to send one of the first signals to the card;and a sender that sends a first signal corresponding to pricinginformation for the product represented by the units adjacent to theinterface, whenever the logic decides to send; a checkout area,spatially removed from the plurality of first areas, the checkout areaincluding a second receiver for receiving signals corresponding topricing information from the card, in the plurality of cards, anelectromagnetic detector for generating a second signal corresponding toa product, a receiver for receiving the second signal, and a pricedeterminer for determining a price depending on whether the secondsignal corresponds to one of the received signals corresponding topricing information.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is amethod of operating a store and a plurality of portable cardstransported by consumers, the store includes a plurality of firstsignals each to corresponding to pricing information for a product; aplurality of first areas each including a shelf, a plurality of units ofa respective product, the plurality of units being on the shelf, theplurality of units having a common symbol different than a symbol ofunits of another product, a respective interface supported by the shelf,and located adjacent to the plurality of units of the respective productsuch that no units of another product are between the interface and theplurality of units, the interface including a sender for transferringsignals to the plurality of cards. The method comprises the steps,performed for each interface, of receiving, in the interface, a cardsignal from a card in the plurality of cards; deciding, responsive tothe card signal, whether to transfer one of the first signals to thecard; and causing the sender to transfer a first signal corresponding topricing information for the product represented by the units adjacent tothe interface, whenever the deciding step decides to transfer.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is aprocessing system for a system including a plurality of portable cardstransported by consumers, and a store. The store includes a plurality offirst areas each including a shelf, a plurality of units of a respectiveproduct, the plurality of units being on the shelf, the plurality ofunits having a common symbol different than a symbol of units of anotherproduct. The processing system comprises a plurality of interfaces, eachsupported by a shelf in a respective one of the first areas, and locatedadjacent to the plurality of units of the respective product such thatno units of another product are between the interface and the pluralityof units, each interface including a receiver that receives a cardsignal from a card in the plurality of cards; logic that decides,responsive to the card signal, whether to send one of the first signalsto the card; and a sender that sends a first signal corresponding topricing information for the product represented by the units adjacent tothe interface, whenever the logic decides to send.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is aprocessing system for a system including a plurality of portable cardstransported by consumers, and a store. The store includes a plurality offirst areas each including a shelf, a plurality of units of a respectiveproduct, the plurality of units being on the shelf, the plurality ofunits having a common symbol different than a symbol of units of anotherproduct. The processing system comprises a plurality of interfaces, eachsupported by a shelf in a respective one of the first areas, and locatedadjacent to the plurality of units of the respective product such thatno units of another product are between the interface and the pluralityof units, each interface including means for receiving, in theinterface, a card signal from a card in the plurality of cards; meansfor deciding, responsive to the card signal, whether to transfer one ofthe first signals to the card; and means for transferring a first signalcorresponding to pricing information for the product represented by theunits adjacent to the interface, whenever the means for deciding decidesto transfer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B are a schematic diagram of a retail system in accordancewith the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C are enlarged views of some of the products shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 3A is a plan view of one of the customer cards in the preferredsystem.

FIG. 3B is a side view of the card shown in FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3C is an enlarged, partial view of the card shown in FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the customer card.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of one of the product stations for transferring anelectronic coupon to the card.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the product station shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the check-out station shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a processing performed by one of the productstations.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams of some memory contents of the customercard at different points in time.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams of some memory contents of one of theproduct stations at different points in time.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a processing performed by the check-outstation.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a processing performed by one of the customercards.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a system including a clearing house andmultiple check-out stations.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a check-out counter in accordance with analternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart of a processing performed by the check-outstation shown in FIG. 12.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a customer card according to analternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart of a processing performed by the customer cardshown in FIG. 14.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a programming card in the preferredsystem.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart of a processing performed by the programmingcard.

The accompanying drawings which are incorporated in and which constitutea part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the inventionand, together with the description, explain the principles of theinvention, and additional advantages thereof. Throughout the drawings,corresponding parts are labeled with corresponding reference numbers.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIGS. 1A and 1B show a grocery store 1000 in accordance with a preferredembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are each apartial view of store 1000. Customers 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 270, 280,and 290, shop in the store. Before shopping in the store, each of thesecustomers obtained a customer card. For example, customer 230 obtainedcustomer card 235 from a bank, by completing an application for thebank. The application contained questions to collect demographic data,including birth date, income level, past buying patterns, geographiclocation, size of family, level of education, and job-related data. Thebank subsequently wrote customer identification data for customer 230onto customer card 235, and issued customer card 235 to customer 230,and sent the customer's demographic data to a clearinghouse which thenstored the demographic data on disk. Each of customers 210, 220, 240,250, 270, 280, and 290 obtains a respective customer card in a similarmanner. In other words, for each customer the preferred method writesdemographic data for the customer onto a disk in the clearinghouse, andwrites personal identification data for the customer onto a respectivecard for the customer.

After redemption data, including customer identification data from aplurality of cards, is compiled and sent to a clearinghouse, asdescribed below, the customer identification data is used to access thecorresponding demographic data, thereby providing the manufacturer withvaluable marketing data on coupon program effectiveness and customerdemographics.

Alternatively, a customer may have obtained a customer card from astore, such as store 1000, by completing a check cashing applicationhaving questions to collect demographic data.

Store 1000 includes shelves 10, 20, and 30, defining aisles between theshelves. The supermarket has a plurality of product areas, eachcorresponding to a respective product. Product Area 110 has Acme brandammonia. Product Area 120 has Delta brand dish detergent. Product Area130 has Lighthouse brand light bulbs.

Some of the product areas have a respective station for reading acustomer card, described in more detail below. Product Area 110 hasStation 115. Product Area 120 has Station 125. Product Area 130 hasStation 135.

More specifically, Product Area 110 has bottles of ammonia 112 groupedtogether on multiple shelves. Bottles of ammonia 112 are contiguouslygrouped, meaning that no other product is between any two bottles ofammonia 112. No other product is between product station 115 and bottlesof ammonia 112. Product Station 115 is on a shelf under some of thebottles 112 and over some of the bottles 112. In other words, Station115 is adjacent to bottles 112 and supported by a shelf that is invertical alignment with some of the bottles 112.

FIG. 2A shows an enlarged view of some of the bottles of ammonia 112.Each bottle of ammonia has a common Universal Product Code (UPC) label114, which is a group of parallel lines that encodes a number thatuniquely identifies acme ammonia. In other words, label 114 is differentthan labels of units of other products. Each bottle of ammonia 112 alsohas a common character label 113. Character label 113 is “ACME AMMONIA.”Label 113 is different than labels of units of other products.

Product Area 120 has boxes of detergent 122 grouped together on multipleshelves. Boxes of detergent 120 are contiguously grouped, meaning thatno other product is between any two boxes of detergent 120. No otherproduct is between product station 125 and boxes of detergent 122.Product Station 125 is on a shelf under some of the boxes 122. In otherwords, station 125 is adjacent to boxes 122 and supported by a shelf invertical alignment with some of the boxes 122.

FIG. 2B shows an enlarged view of some of the boxes of detergent 122.Each box of detergent 122 has a common Universal Product Code (UPC)label 124, which is a group of parallel lines that encodes a number thatuniquely identifies delta detergent. In other words, label 124 isdifferent than labels of units of other products. Each box of detergent124 also has a common character label 123. Character label 123 is “DELTADETERGENT.” Label 123 is different than labels of units of otherproducts.

Product Area 130 has boxes of light bulbs 132 grouped together onmultiple shelves. Boxes of light bulbs 132 are contiguously grouped,meaning that no other product is between two boxes of light bulbs 132.No other product is between product station 135 and boxes of light bulbs132. Product Station 135 is on a shelf under some of the boxes 132. Inother words, station 135 is adjacent to boxes 132 and supported by ashelf in vertical alignment with some of the boxes 132.

FIG. 2C shows an enlarged view of some of the boxes of light bulbs 132.Each box of light bulbs 132 has a common Universal Product Code (UPC)label 134, which is a group of parallel lines that encodes a number thatuniquely identifies Lighthouse light bulbs. In other words, label 134 isdifferent than labels of other products. Each box 132 also has a commoncharacter label 133. Character label 133 is “LIGHTHOUSE LIGHT BULBS.”Label 133 is different than labels of other products.

Similarly, other product area in the store each have a set of respectiveproducts contiguously grouped together and a corresponding productstation adjacent to the products. The respective units of a certainproduct have a common label, different than labels on units of otherproducts, that uniquely identifies the certain product. No other productis between a product station and the units of the corresponding product.Product area 140 has bottles of ketchup 142 contiguously groupedtogether, and product station 145 adjacent to the bottles of ketchup142. Product area 160 has loaves of bread 162 contiguously groupedtogether, and product station 165 adjacent to loaves of bread 162.Product area 170 has cartons of milk 172 contiguously grouped together,and product station 175 adjacent to cartons of milk 172. Product area180 has packages of bacon 182, and product station 185 adjacent topackages of bacon 182. Product area of 190 has packages of butter 192contiguously grouped together and product station 195 adjacent topackages of butter 192.

Product area 150 has boxes of cereal 152 contiguously grouped together.Product area 150 does not have a product station.

While shopping in store 1000, each of customers 210, 220, 230, 240, 250,270, 280, and 290 carries his or her respective customer card. Customer210 carries card 215, customer 220 carries card 225, customer 230carries card 235, customer 240 carries card 245, customer 250 carriescard 255, customer 270 carries card 275, customer 280 carries card 285,and customer 290 carries card 295. Each customer tows a shopping cart tohold selected products. Customer 210 tows cart 212, customer 220 towscart 222, customer 230 tow cart 232, customer 240 tows cart 242,customer 250 tows cart 252, customer 270 tows cart 272, customer 280tows cart 282, and customer 290 tows care 292. To create an electroniccoupon, the customer inserts the card into the product station adjacentto a product the customer wishes to purchase, and the product stationthen writes an electronic coupon onto the card. In other words, theproduct station writes an electronic coupon into a memory on the card,in response to a person presenting the card at the product station. Thecustomer then removes the product from the shelf and places the removedproduct into her cart. The customer thus shops throughout the storecollecting electronic coupons for products of interest.

The preferred method thus includes a step, performed for a plurality ofthe customer cards, of writing a product identification signal,corresponding to a selected product, onto the customer card.

Upon completion of shopping, the customer brings selected products fromshelves 10, 20, and 30 to checkout counter 700. The customer redeems theelectronic coupons at the checkout area, by inserting her customer cardinto checkout station 715. For example, a customer such as customer 290in FIG. 1B completes the purchase of her selected products 293 bytransferring products 293 from her cart 292 to counter 700, and byinserting card 295 into checkout station 715. Subsequently, a checkoutclerk (not shown) scans each selected product past UPC bar code reader710. Bar code reader 710 is an optical detector. In other words, barcode reader 710 detects an electromagnetic signal. A processor coupledto station 715 and reader 710 determines whether the most recentlyscanned product is on a discount list stored in card 295. If the mostrecently scanned product is identified in this discount list, a pricefor the product is determined using the discount data corresponding tothe product, and the resulting price is displayed on display 717.Checkout counter 700 scans and processes each product 293 in a similarmanner.

Similarly customer 280 in FIG. 1B will complete the purchase of herselected products 283 by transferring products 283 from her cart 282 tocounter 700, and by inserting card 285 into checkout station 715; andthe checkout clerk (not shown) will scan each selected product 283 pastUPC bar code reader 710. Customer 270 will complete the purchase of herselected products 273 by transferring products 273 from her cart 272 tocounter 700, and by inserting card 275 into checkout station 715; andthe checkout clerk (not shown) will scan each selected product 273 pastUPC bar code reader 710.

Periodically, checkout counter 700 sends redemption data to anelectronic clearing house. This redemption data includes theidentification of the store and of the customers who presentedelectronic coupons for redemption.

FIG. 3A shows a plan view of customer card 215 carried by customers 210,and FIG. 3B shows a side view of card 215. Card 215 is 8.5 cm by 5.4 cm,the length and width of a typical financial credit card. Card 215 isslightly thicker than a typical financial credit card. Card 215 includesa magnetic stripe 2410, interface contacts 2420 for communication withthe product stations and the checkout station, and embossed area 2430for displaying the card owner's name. Magnetic stripe 2410 allows aconventional credit card stripe reader to read basic data from the card.Magnetic stripe 2410 is not necessary to the operation of the preferredembodiment of the invention, described in more detail below.

FIG. 3C shows interface contacts 2420 in more detail. Interface contacts2420 are configured in accordance with IS07816-2: 1988(E),Identification cards—Integrated circuit (s) cards with contact—Part 2:Dimensions and locations of the contacts, promulgated by theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO), and available fromthe American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 11 West 42nd Street,New York, N.Y. 10036. According to ISO 7816-2, contact 2421 is assignedto VCC (supply voltage), contact 2422 is assigned to RST (reset signal),contact 2423 is assigned to CLK (clock signal), contact 2424 is reservedfor future use, contact 2425 is assigned to GND (ground), contact 2426is assigned to VPP (program and voltage), contact 2427 is assigned toI/O (data input/output), and contact 2428 is reserved for future use.Card 215 communicates with the product stations and the checkoutstations through contact 2427 using a half duplex scheme, meaning thatcontact 2427 is for communicating data signals either to or from thecard.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of customer card 215, including centralprocessing unit 2450, memory 2460, and battery 2470 for supplying powerto interface 2425, processor 2450, and memory 2460. Memory 2460 is arandom access, addressable device. Station interface 2425 includes aserial to parallel converter for transferring data signals betweencontact 2427 and CPU 2450 over parallel bus 2452. Memory 2460 stores aprogram 2465 executed by processor 2450, customer identification data2467, and authorization data 2468. Customer identification data 2467includes a sequence of digits that uniquely identifies the holder of thecard. Customer identification data 2467 includes the card holder'ssocial security number. For example, identification data 2467 incustomer card 235 uniquely identifies customer 230. Authorization data2468 includes a sequence of digits that includes a code identifying thestore or stores in which the card may be used to obtain a paperlesscoupon. Authorization data 2468 also includes date data indicating anexpiration date for the card. Depending on the card holder's contractualrelationship with the card issuer, the card issuer may periodicallyupdate this date data to renew the card when the current date dataindicates the card is expired. Store authorization data 2468 alsocontains a field identifying that the card is a customer card (ratherthan a programming card, which is described below).

Memory 2460 also stores product data received from one or more of theproduct stations. This product data includes a list of product discounts2435. When a customer inserts a customer card into one of the productstations, processor 2450 receives an identification code for the productfrom the station and adds the code to the list.

Each of customer cards 225, 235, 245, 355, 275, and 295 has the samehardware structure as customer card 215.

Programming card 55 has the same hardware structure as customer card215. An invention embodied in programming card 55 is the subject ofcopending application Ser. No. 08/468,820 of KEN R. POWELL for DEVICEAND METHOD OF PROGRAMMING A RETAIL SYSTEM, filed Jun. 6, 1995, now U.S.Pat. No. 5,727,153 for RETAIL STORE HAVING A SYSTEM OF RECEIVINGELECTRONIC COUPON INFORMATION FROM A PORTABLE CARD AND SENDING THERECEIVED COUPON INFORMATION TO OTHER PORTABLE CARDS.

FIG. 5 shows product station 115, including green light 4155, red light4160, and interface slot 4170. Station 115 also has an optional liquidcrystal display (LCD) for displaying product promotional messages.Interface slot 4170 has a width sufficient to accommodate the width ofone of the customer cards. When a customer card is in interface slot4170, conductive contact 4177 inside interface slot 4170 touches contact2427 on the customer card. Interface slot 4170 has other contacts (notshown) for touching the other card contacts 2420.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of station 115, including centralprocessing unit 5160, memory 5165, and battery 5170. Memory 5165 storesprogram 5145, executed by CPU 5160, and product data 5135. Memory 5165is a random access, addressable device.

Station 115 has no external wires connecting station 115 to anotherdevice. There is no need for external wires because station 115 ispowered by its own battery 5170, and is programmed by programming card55 described in more detail below.

Each product station has the same hardware structure as product station115. Each product station is locked to one of the shelves with a keyedlock.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of checkout counter 700 shown in FIG. 1B. Disk725 provides long term storage. CPU 750 executes instructions in randomaccess, addressable memory 720. The hardware architecture of checkoutstation 715 is the same as the hardware architecture of checkout station215, described above. Transformer 705 transforms 60 Hz line power intoDC power and provides the DC power to CPU 750 memory 720, UPC reader710, checkout station 715, and other electronics within checkout counter700.

CPU 750 and program 722 act to detect a product scanned by UPC reader710, determine a reference price for the product, search for theproduct's identification in the memory of a customer card, and deduct adiscount from the reference price if the product is identified in thecustomer card memory. CPU 750 then displays the price of the product ondisplay 717. CPU 750 writes coupon redemption data onto disk 725.Periodically, CPU 750 sends the redemption data to an electronicclearing house through modem 730.

FIG. 8 shows a processing performed by processor 5160 and program 5145in product station 115. CPU 5160 and a program in memory 5165 act toperform the processing shown in FIG. 8. When a person inserts a cardinto interface slot 4170 a switch (not shown) in interface slot 4170alerts CPU 5160 that a card has been inserted into the slot.Subsequently, CPU 5160 causes card interface 4170 to reset the card byapplying a clock signal to contact 2423. (If the card is a customercard, the card then answers the reset by sending a block of data,including identification data 2467 and authorization data 2468, throughcard contact 2427. Authorization data 2468 contains a card-type codeindicating a customer card. If the card is a programming card, the cardsend then answers the reset by sending a data block, includingauthorization data 2458, through card contact 2427. Authorization data2458 has a card-type code indicating a programming card.) CPU 5160 thenreceives then receives the answer-to-reset data block from the card(step 8010).

The communication protocol between product station 115 and a customercard is described in more detail in ISO/IEC 7816-3: 1989 (E),Identification cards—Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts—Part 3:Electronic signals and transmission protocols; and ISO/IEC 7816-3:1989/Amd.1: 1992 (E), Part 3: Electronic signals and transmissionprotocols, AMENDMENT 1: Protocol type T=1, asynchronous half duplexblock transmission protocol. Both of these standards are promulgated bythe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and distributedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

CPU 5160 analyzes the authorization data in the received answer-to-resetblock to determine whether the card is a customer card that is eligibleto receive paperless coupons in store 1000 (step 8020). CPU 5160determines that the card is a customer card if the receivedauthorization data contains a card-type code indicating a customer card.If the card is a customer card, meaning that the authorization data isauthorization data 2468, CPU 5160 determines if the card is eligible toreceive paperless coupons in store 1000 if authorization data 2468contains a store code indicating store 1000, and the current time anddate (as indicated by a date-time clock inside processor 4160) is notlater than the date data in authorization data 2468. If the card is aneligible customer card, CPU 5160 sends to the customer card a blockcontaining a station-type code indicating a product station, and productcoupon data 5135 from locations 250-275 (step 8040). Product coupon data5135 includes an identification code for the product currently beingpromoted by the product station (bottles of ammonia 112) and thediscount currently being offered for that product. CPU 5160 then turnson green light 4160 to indicate to the customer that an electroniccoupon has successfully been transferred to her customer card (step8060), thereby allowing the customer to conveniently verify whether sheis eligible for a discount before selecting the product.

FIG. 9A shows some the contents list 2435 in starting at location 30memory 2460 of customer card 215, before CPU 5160 of the product stationexecutes step 8040. An electronic coupon is represented by three rows inlist 2435: a 12 digit UPC product code in the first row, discount formatdata in the second row (“1” signifying cents, “2” signifyingpercentage), and discount quantity data in the third row. In FIG. 9A,the customer card is storing two electronic coupons in a list startingat location 30 in memory 2460, reflecting the fact that customer 210 hasreceived electronic coupons from two product stations during her currentvisit to store 1000. After CPU 5160 executes step 8040 (thereby sendingan electronic coupon to the customer card), CPU 2450 in customer card215 receives the data and adds the data to list 2435, resulting in threeelectronic coupons in list 2435 as shown in FIG. 9B.

CPU 5160 determines that the card is a programming card if the card-typecode in the received authorization data indicates a programming card. Ifthe card is not a an eligible customer card but is instead a programmingcard meaning that the authorization data is authorization data 2458(step 8070), CPU 5160 sends to a block containing a station-type codeindicating a product station (step 8075), and CPU 5160 receivesadditional data from the card (step 8080) and changes product data 5135by writing the additional data to locations 250-275 (step 8085), therebychanging the electronic coupon dispensed by the product station.

If the card is an ineligible customer card, CPU 5160 turns on red light4155 to notify the consumer that she did not receive a discount for theproduct.

FIG. 10A shows product data 5135 before the execution of step 8085, andFIG. 10B shows product data 5135 after step 8085. The data starting atlocation 250 stores identification for a product. In this exampleproduct code “345678901200” corresponds to the UPC code on ammoniabottles 112. Location 274 stores the format of the discount quantitydata, with “1” signifying cents and “2” signifying percentage in tenthsof a percent. Location 275 stores the discount quality data. In FIG.10A, because location 275 is storing a 50, the discount being offeredfor ammonia bottles 112 is 50 cents. In FIG. 9B, the discount beingoffered for another product is 100 cents.

FIG. 11 shows a processing performed by CPU 750 and program 722 incheckout counter 700, when a customer checks out of store 1000. When acustomer, such as customer 290, inserts customer card 295 into interfaceslot 714, a switch (not shown) in interface slot 714 alerts CPU 750 thata card has been inserted into the slot. When a customer card is ininterface slot 714, conductive contacts (not shown) inside interfaceslot 714 touch each card contact 2420. Subsequently, CPU 750 causes cardinterface 725 to reset the card by applying a clock signal to cardcontact 2423. (If the card is a customer card, the card then answers thereset by sending a block of data, including identification data 2467 andauthorization data 2468, through card contact 2427.) CPU 750 thenreceives the answer-to-reset from the card (step 11002). CPU 750 thensends a data block containing a station-type code indicating a checkoutstation (step 11004). CPU 750 then receives the contents of table 2435in memory 2460 of the customer card, and temporarily stores these tablecontents in memory 720 of the checkout station (step 11005). During step10005, CPU 750 also causes customer card 295 to remove all entries fromlist 2435, so that the electronic coupons in the list cannot be redeemedagain. When the checkout clerk (not shown) moves a product past UPCreader 710, UPC reader 710 detects the UPC code on the product and sendsthe UPC code to CPU 750 (step 11010). CPU 750 searches the receivedtable contents to determine whether the product scanned is identified inthe table (step 11020). If the product is in the received table, CPU 750subtracts the discount, as determined by the discount data stored in thereceived table, from a product reference price read from disk 725 (step11030), and displays the resulting price of the product on display 717(step 11040).

Product data 5135, customer identification data 2467, authorization data2468, and the data in list 2435 are each a type of signal.

In other words, the preferred retail system 1000 includes product areas110, 120, 130, 140, 160, 170, 180, and 190; product stations 115, 125,135, 145, 165, 175, 185, and 195 acting as a plurality of firstcommunication ports each adjacent to a respective one of the productareas, a plurality of customer cards each having a memory, and acheckout counter 700 having checkout station 715 acting as a secondcommunication port. A method of operating system 1000 comprises thesteps of writing a first signal into memory 2460 of a card in theplurality of cards, in response to a person inserting the card into theinterface slot of one of the product stations, the first signalidentifying a product in the product area adjacent to the one of thefirst communication ports; reading the first signal from memory 2460, inresponse to a person inserting the card into the interface slot of thecheckout station; receiving a second signal, from UPC reader 710,identifying a product; and determining a price for the product dependingon whether the product identified by the first signal, read in thereading step, corresponds to the product identified by the secondsignal.

In summary, after UPC barcode reader 710 scans a product, processor 750determines eligibility for a discount. If a product qualifies, processor750 displays the discounted price on display 717. Periodically,electronic coupon data is processed and reported to a clearing house.

FIG. 12 shows a processing performed by one of the customer cards, suchas customer card 215, in the preferred retail system. After the card isreset through contacts 2420, the customer card sends an “answer toreset” data block in accordance with the ISO standard ISO/IEC 7816-3:1989(E), cited above. The customer card sends identification data 2467and authorization data 2468 in the answer-to-reset data block (step12010). If the station then sends a block of data to the customer card,the customer card then receives the block of data through contact 2427(step 12015). If the block contains a station-type code indicating aproduct station (step 12020), the customer card then adds product couponinformation, from a certain location in the block, to the list 2345(step 12030).

If the customer card is not eligible, the station will not send a blockof data, step 12015 therefore does not execute, and processing ceasesuntil the customer card is reinserted into a station, at which time thestation will reset the card and processing will restart at step 12010.

Alternatively, if the block contains a station-type code indicating acheckout station (step 12070), the customer card then sends list 2345 tothe checkout station (step 12080). In other words, CPU 2450 reads list2435 from memory 2460, in response to a customer inserting card 215 intocheckout station 715, and sends a signal corresponding to the list 2345to the checkout station (step 12080).

FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of a preferred retail system including aclearinghouse 900, and a plurality of checkout stations 700.Periodically, each checkout station 700 sends a block of datasummarizing the redemption transactions. The checkout stations send thedata blocks, over telephone lines 714, to clearinghouse 900. The blockincludes the data shown in Table 1, below.

TABLE 1 [customer ID 1] [UPC code 1] [customer ID 2] [UPC code 2][customer ID 3] [UPC code 3] [customer ID 4] [UPC code 4] . . .[customer ID n] [UPC code n]

Each row in table 1 records a redemption transaction. Each customer IDnumber is a copy of data 2467 from a customer card. Each UPC code is acopy of product data 5135 from one of the product stations.

Clearinghouse memory 925 stores demographic data records. Each record isindexed by customer ID. As shown in Table 2, below, each row representsa demographic record for a customer. The first entity in each row is therecord key, or index. The second entity is date of birth, and the thirdentity is yearly income.

TABLE 2 [customer ID 1] March 12, 1944 30,100 [customer ID 1] March 12,1964 23,700 [customer ID 1] March 12, 1932 30,100 [customer ID 1] March12, 1905 89,000 . . . [customer ID n] December 12, 1975 19,100

Processor 950 processes transaction data blocks, such as the block shownin Table 1, and uses the customer Ids in the data blocks to accessdemographic records, such as the record shown in Table 2. Processor 950then generates a report summarizing certain trends, such as the reportshown in Table 3, below.

TABLE 3 ACME AMMONIA COUPON REDEMPTIONS FOR MARCH 1995 AGE RANGE TOTALBOTTLES SOLD WITH COUPON 15-25 60,456 (30%) 25-40 102,345  (51%) 40-6014,345  (7%) over 60 23,456 (12%) all ages 200,602  (100%) 

Checkout stations 703 are located within a single company. Checkoutstations 703 are similar to checkout stations 700, described above,except that checkout stations 703 have circuitry for communicating overnetwork 712. Checkout stations 703 send transaction data blocks tocentral financial computer 711 located within the company. Centralfinancial computer 711 periodically sends the compiled transaction datato clearing house 900, over telephone lines 714.

In other words, the system shown in FIG. 13, and the correspondingproduct stations, perform a method of determining retail buyingpatterns. The method writes demographic data, obtained from a customerapplication questionnaires described above, into memory 925. The methodwrites personal identification data 2467 onto customer cards.Subsequently, one or more product stations writes a productidentification data, corresponding to a selected product, onto certainones of the cards. Subsequently, a checkout station reads the personalidentification data 2467 from certain ones of the cards to generate afirst read signals, and reads the product identification data fromcertain ones of the cards to generate second read signals. These firstand second signals are sent to clearinghouse 900, which generates areport using the first and second signals. Clearinghouse 900 generatesthe report by accessing the demographic data, using the first signal, togenerate a demographic signal; and by correlating the demographic signal(indicating age) with the second signal (purchases of ammonia).

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of checkout counter 701 in accordance with analternative embodiment of the present invention. Checkout counter 701 issimilar to checkout counter 700 shown in FIG. 7, except that checkoutcounter 701 has program 723.

FIG. 15 shows a flow chart of a processing performed by CPU 750 andprogram 723 in checkout counter 701. When a customer, such as customer290, inserts customer card 295 into interface 715, CPU 750 causes cardinterface 750 to reset the card (step 15002). CPU 750 then sends a blockof data containing a station-type code indicating a checkout station(step 15005). If there are no product remaining to be scanned (step15007), the checkout clerk (not shown) presses the “total” button 719 oncash register 718, causing CPU 750 to display the total price(accumulated from step 15040) on display 717, and to send the card adata block containing zero in the first word (step 15008). If there areproducts remaining (step 15007), the clerk moves a product past UPCreader 710, UPC reader 710 detects the UPC code on the product and sendsthe UPC code to CPU 750 (step 15010). CPU 750 then sends a data block tothe card, with the UPC code stored at the first word of the data block(step 15020). In other words, CPU 750 sends a UPC signal, identifying aproduct, to the card. CPU 750 then receives a data block containingdiscount data from the card (step 15030) and displays the resultingprice of the product on display 717 (step 15040). The received discountdata will either be 0, signifying that there is no coupon correspondingto the UPC code sent to the card, or will be non-zero data consisting ofthe discount format and quantity data, described above in connectionwith FIGS. 9A and 9B, corresponding to the UPC code.

FIG. 16 shows customer card 216 in accordance with the alternativeembodiment of the present invention. Customer card 216 is similar tocustomer card 215 described above, except that customer card 216 hasprogram 2466 in memory 2460.

FIG. 17 shows a processing performed by CPU 2450 and program 2466. Afterthe card is reset through contacts 2420, the customer card sends an“answer to reset” data block in accordance with the ISO standard ISO/IEC7816-3: 1989(E), cited above. The customer card also sends dataidentifying the card (step 17010). The customer card then receives ablock of data through contact 2427 (step 17015). If the block contains astation-type code indicating a product station (step 17020), thecustomer card then adds product coupon information, from a certainlocation in the block, to the list 2345 (step 17030). Alternatively, ifthe block contains a station-type code indicating a checkout station(step 17070), the customer card then receives another block from thestation (step 17080). If the first word in the block is non-zero, thereis a UPC code stored in the block (step 17090). The card searches list2345 for this UPC code, sends the station a block containing a zero inthe first word if the UPC code is not in table 2345, or sends thestation a block containing the discount format and discount quantitydata corresponding to the UPC code if the UPC code is in table 2345.Processing then returns to step 17080.

If the first word in the block received in step 17080 is zero(indicating that the last product has been scanned), the card then exitsthe loop of steps 17080, 17090, and 17100, and processing returns tostep 17010.

An advantage of the alternative embodiment of the invention is that thesoftware in the checkout station need only send UPC codes to thecustomer card and receive discount data from the customer card, allowingthe invention to be practiced using relatively simple modifications toconventional checkout station software. Further, the integrity of theconventional checkout station is assured since no complicated foreignsoftware need be intermingled with the conventional checkout stationsoftware.

A variation of the alternative embodiment is to have the customer cardreceive UPC codes from the checkout station as described above, butdefer sending discount data to the checkout station until the lastproduct is scanned. After the last product is scanned, the customer cardwould then send a list of UPC codes, with respective discount data foreach UPC code, to the checkout station.

In FIG. 1B, service worker 50 carries a programming card 55 forreprogramming the product stations. The hardware architecture of servicecard 55 is the same as the architecture of customer card 115, discussedabove. The software in the memory of service card 55, however, isdifferent than the software in the customer cards. Service card 55 hassoftware to allow the product station to recognize that service card 55is authorized to alter the memory contents of the product stations, asdiscussed in more detail below. Programming card 55 has a memorycontaining discount data for a product.

In other words, product station includes an electrical contact 4177. Thewriting step, described above, communicates between a customer card anda product station through electrical contact 4177. The preferred methodalso includes a step of changing the selected product by sending aprogramming signal from the programming card 55 to the product stationthrough electrical contact 4177.

In other words, service worker 55 creates a signal path to one of theproduct stations by inserting programming card 55 into the interfaceslot of the product station. The programming card then changes theselected product by sending a programming signal to the product stationthrough contact 4177. Service worker 55 then breaks the signal path byremoving programming card 55.

FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of a programming card 55 in accordancewith the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Programming card55 is similar to customer card 215, except that programming card hasprogram 2455, authorization data 2458, and new discount data 2555 inaddressable, random access memory 2460. Authorization data 2458 and newdiscount data 2555 are each a type of signal.

FIG. 19 shows a processing performed by CPU 2450 and program 2455 inprogram card 55. After programming card 55 is reset through contacts2420, programming card 55 sends authorization data 2458 in ananswer-to-reset data block in accordance with the ISO standard ISO/IEC7816-3: 1989(E), cited above (step 19010). Authorization data 2458 has acard-type code indicating that the card is a programming card.Programming card 55 then receives a block of data through contact 2427(step 19015). If the block contains a station-type code indicating aproduct station (step 19020), the programming card 55 card then sendsdiscount data 2555 (step 19030).

Thus, the preferred system provides a convenient and stimulatingshopping environment without requiring an elaborate hardwareconfiguration throughout the store. The product stations of thepreferred system may be compact, because the product stations need nothave paper transport mechanisms to print paper coupons. This compactnessallows the product stations to be placed adjacent to the correspondingproducts.

Demographic data and redemption data, compiled by the checkout station,provide manufactures with timely feedback about the effectiveness ofproduct promotion programs. The potential for coupon fraud andmisredeemption is reduced, as each coupon is ultimately traceable to anindividual customer.

Although the illustrated portable customer card and portable programmingcard are each 8.5 cm long by 5.4 cm wide, the invention may be practiceswith other portable card dimensions. Preferably the portable carddimension is less than 15 cm long by 10 cm wide.

Although the preferred system employs a programming card, having aninterface compatible with the customer card interface on each productstation, the invention may be practiced with other types of programminginterfaces, disengaged from the product station except when programmingis performed. For example, instead of a programming card, a serviceworker may carry a portable computer that temporarily connects to theproduct station with a cable. With this cable scheme, the service workercreates a signal path to the product station by plugging the cable intothe product station. The portable computer then changes the selectedproduct by sending a programming signal through the cable to the productstation. Subsequently, the service worker breaks the signal path bydisconnecting the cable from the product station.

Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to thoseskilled in the art. The invention in its broader aspects is thereforenot limited to the specific details, representative apparatus, andillustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures maybe made from such details without departing from the spirit or the scopeof Applicants' general inventive concept. The invention is defined inthe following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for a plurality of portable cardstransported by consumers, and a store including a plurality of firstsignals each corresponding to pricing information for a product; aplurality of first areas each including a shelf, a plurality of units ofa respective product, the plurality of units being on the shelf, theplurality of units having a common symbol different than a symbol ofunits of another product, a respective interface supported by the shelf,and located adjacent to the plurality of units of the respective productsuch that no units of another product are between the interface and theplurality of units, the interface including a sender for transferringsignals to the plurality of cards, and a checkout area including anelectromagnetic detector, spatially removed from the plurality of firstareas, the method comprising the steps, performed for each interface,of: receiving, in the interface, a card signal from a card in theplurality of cards; deciding, responsive to the card signal, whether totransfer one of the first signals to the card; and causing the sender totransfer a first signal corresponding to pricing information for theproduct represented by the units adjacent to the interface, whenever thedeciding step decides to transfer, and further comprising the steps,performed after the card, in the plurality of cards, is carried to thecheckout area, of receiving, in a computer, signals corresponding topricing information from the card, in the plurality of cards, carried tothe checkout area; generating, in the electromagnetic detector, a secondsignal corresponding to a product; receiving, in the computer, thesecond signal; and determining, in the computer, a price depending onwhether the second signal corresponds to one of the received signalscorresponding to pricing information.
 2. The method of claim 1 whereinthe interface in each first area includes an electronic memory and themethod further includes recording the first signal, corresponding topricing information for the product represented by the units adjacentthe interface, into the electronic memory, the recording step beingperformed before the receiving step.
 3. The method of claim 1 whereinthe method further includes reading a third signal identifying a person;generating a fourth signal by processing the first, second, and thirdsignals; and sending the fourth signal out of the store.
 4. The methodof claim 1 wherein each interface includes a battery for powering theinterface and has no external wires connecting the interface to anotherdevice, and the step of causing the sender to transfer the first signalis performed while powering the interface from the battery.
 5. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the step of sending the recorded first signalsends the recorded first signal though a current path between theinterface and the card.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the card signalincludes a first card-signal to identify a location where the card maybe used, and deciding includes comparing the first card-signal to a codeidentifying the store.
 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the card signalincludes a first card-signal to indicate a card expiration date, anddeciding includes comparing the first card-signal to a current date. 8.The method of claim 1 wherein the card signal includes a firstcard-signal to identify a location where the card may be used, and asecond card-signal to indicate a card expiration date, and decidingincludes comparing the first card-signal to a code identifying thestore; and comparing the second card-signal to a current date.
 9. Astore configured to process a plurality of portable cards transported byconsumers, the store comprising: a plurality of first signals eachcorresponding to pricing information for a product; a plurality of firstareas each including a shelf, a plurality of units of a respectiveproduct, the plurality of units being on the shelf, the plurality ofunits having a common symbol different than a symbol of units of anotherproduct, a respective interface supported by the shelf, and locatedadjacent to the plurality of units of the respective product such thatno units of another product are between the interface and the pluralityof units, the interface including a first receiver that receives a cardsignal from a card in the plurality of cards; logic that decides,responsive to the card signal, whether to send one of the first signalsto the card; and a sender that sends a first signal corresponding topricing information for the product represented by the units adjacent tothe interface, whenever the logic decides to send; a checkout area,spatially removed from the plurality of first areas, the checkout areaincluding a second receiver for receiving signals corresponding topricing information from the card, in the plurality of cards, anelectromagnetic detector for generating a second signal corresponding toa product, a receiver for receiving the second signal, and a pricedeterminer for determining a price depending on whether the secondsignal corresponds to one of the received signals corresponding topricing information.
 10. The store of claim 9 wherein each interfaceincludes an electronic memory that stores the first signal correspondingto pricing information for the product represented by the units adjacentto the interface, at a time when the first receiver receives the cardsignal.
 11. The store of claim 9 wherein each of the plurality of cardsfurther includes a card electrical contact and each of the plurality ofinterfaces further includes and interface electrical contact and thesender, in each interface, includes a contact for sending a current fromthe interface electrical contact to the card electrical contact.
 12. Thestore of claim 9 further including: a reader for reading a third signalidentifying a person; and a generator for generating a fourth signal byprocessing the first, second, and third signals.
 13. The store of claim9 wherein the plurality of first areas includes 8 first areas.
 14. Amethod of operating a store and a plurality of portable cardstransported by consumers, the store including a plurality of firstsignals each corresponding to pricing information for a product; aplurality of first areas each including a shelf, a plurality of units ofa respective product, the plurality of units being on the shelf, theplurality of units having a common symbol different than a symbol ofunits of another product, a respective interface supported by the shelf,and located adjacent to the plurality of units of the respective productsuch that no units of another product are between the interface and theplurality of units, the interface including a sender for transferringsignals to the plurality of cards, the method comprising the steps,performed for each interface, of: receiving, in the interface, a cardsignal from a card in the plurality of cards; deciding, responsive tothe card signal, whether to transfer one of the first signals to thecard; and causing the sender to transfer a first signal corresponding topricing information for the product represented by the units adjacent tothe interface, whenever the deciding step decides to transfer.
 15. Themethod of claim 14 wherein the interface in each first area includes anelectronic memory and the method further includes recording the firstsignal, corresponding to pricing information for the product representedby the units adjacent the interface, into the electronic memory, therecording step being performed before the receiving step.
 16. The methodof claim 14 wherein the method further includes reading a third signalidentifying a person; generating a fourth signal by processing thefirst, second, and third signals; and sending the fourth signal out ofthe store.
 17. The method of claim 14 wherein each interface includes abattery for powering the interface and has no external wires connectingthe interface to another device, and the step of causing the sender totransfer the first signal is performed while powering the interface fromthe battery.
 18. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of sending therecorded first signal sends the recorded first signal though a currentpath between the interface and the card.
 19. The method of claim 14wherein the card signal includes a first card-signal to identify alocation where the card may be used, and deciding includes comparing thefirst card-signal to a code identifying the store.
 20. The method ofclaim 14 wherein the card signal includes a first card-signal toindicate a card expiration date, and deciding includes comparing thefirst card-signal to a current date.
 21. The method of claim 14 whereinthe card signal includes a first card-signal to identify a locationwhere the card may be used, and a second card-signal to indicate a cardexpiration date, and deciding includes comparing the first card-signalto a code identifying the store; and comparing the second card-signal toa current date.
 22. A processing system for a system including aplurality of portable cards transported by consumers, and a storeincluding a plurality of first areas each including a shelf, a pluralityof units of a respective product, the plurality of units being on theshelf, the plurality of units having a common symbol different than asymbol of units of another product, the processing system comprising: aplurality of interfaces, each supported by a shelf in a respective oneof the first areas, and located adjacent to the plurality of units ofthe respective product such that no units of another product are betweenthe interface and the plurality of units, each interface including areceiver that receives a card signal from a card in the plurality ofcards; logic that decides, responsive to the card signal, whether tosend one of the first signals to the card; and a sender that sends afirst signal corresponding to pricing information for the productrepresented by the units adjacent to the interface, whenever the logicdecides to send.
 23. The processing system of claim 22 wherein eachinterface includes an electronic memory that stores the first signalcorresponding to pricing information for the product represented by theunits adjacent to the interface, at a time when the receiver receivesthe card signal.
 24. The processing system of claim 22 wherein each ofthe plurality of cards further includes a card electrical contact andeach of the plurality of interfaces further includes and interfaceelectrical contact and the sender, in each interface, includes a contactfor sending a current from the interface electrical contact to the cardelectrical contact.
 25. The processing system of claim 22 furtherincluding: a reader for reading a third signal identifying a person; anda generator for generating a fourth signal by processing the first,second, and third signals.
 26. The processing system of claim 22 whereinthe plurality of first areas includes 8 first areas.
 27. A processingsystem for a system including a plurality of portable cards transportedby consumers, and a store including a plurality of first areas eachincluding a shelf, a plurality of units of a respective product, theplurality of units being on the shelf, the plurality of units having acommon symbol different than a symbol of units of another product, theprocessing system comprising: a plurality of interfaces, each supportedby a shelf in a respective one of the first areas, and located adjacentto the plurality of units of the respective product such that no unitsof another product are between the interface and the plurality of units,each interface including means for receiving, in the interface, a cardsignal from a card in the plurality of cards; means for deciding,responsive to the card signal, whether to transfer one of the firstsignals to the card; and means for transferring a first signalcorresponding to pricing information for the product represented by theunits adjacent to the interface, whenever the means for deciding decidesto transfer.
 28. The processing system of claim 27 wherein eachinterface includes an electronic memory that stores the first signalcorresponding to pricing information for the product represented by theunits adjacent to the interface, at a time when the receiver receivesthe card signal.
 29. The processing system of claim 27 wherein each ofthe plurality of cards further includes a card electrical contact andeach of the plurality of interfaces further includes and interfaceelectrical contact and the sender, in each interface, includes a contactfor sending a current from the interface electrical contact to the cardelectrical contact.
 30. The processing system of claim 27 furtherincluding: a reader for reading a third signal identifying a person; anda generator for generating a fourth signal by processing the first,second, and third signals.
 31. The processing system of claim 27 whereinthe plurality of first areas includes 8 first areas.